Graph Theory — Networks of Vertices and Edges

Graph theory studies mathematical objects called graphs — sets of vertices connected by edges. Graphs model social networks, the internet, road maps, molecules and more.

Key Concepts

• Directed vs. undirected graphs.
• Paths, cycles and connectivity.
• Trees and spanning trees.
• Graph colouring and planar graphs.
• Classical algorithms — BFS, DFS, Dijkstra, Kruskal.